A women’s rights activist, teacher, and journalist who established an organization named Ittihad Bint al-Nil and began publishing a monthly journal titled Majallat Bint al-Nil in 1945. In 1951, she assembled 1,000 women and demonstrated against parliament’s continued lack of women’s rights recognition. She organized a ten-day hunger strike in response to women’s dismissal in the formation of a new constitution following the 1952 Revolution. She is known for confronting President Abdelnasser, accusing him of authoritarianism and inability to expel Israeli armies from Sinai. In response, she was placed under house arrest, and her social alienation remained for 18 years. She ended her life in 1975 by jumping off her balcony.

Nelson, Cynthia. 1996. Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A Woman Apart. 1st ed. Cairo: The
American University in Cairo. – (Page xiii)

Talhami, Ghada Hashem. 2013. Historical Dictionary of Women in The Middle East and North
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